UNIT 12: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN L1 AND L2 LEARNING

 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN L1 AND L2 LEARNING

      In this chapter I learned how students or children acquire their first language and the second language or foreign language. Some experts said that there are three ways to learn the langugae. First, Acquisition is the main tool for picking the languge up, in this stage especially children pick up a lot of words from the enviroment. Second, Interaction is other way of emerging the language. Children or students who are learning the langauge need to produce it. it does not of fact if they make a lot of mistakes. Children first pick up the language. For children, the language is mostly acquired in a natural context and the social group in which the child is growing. There are some essential factors that will be implied in the learning the languages. Those factors are; age, contexts and the way of learning the language. According to” Larsen-Freeman and Long (1991) point out, the age issue is an important one for theory building in second language acquisition research for educational policy-making and for language pedagogy.” Then, there are also some individual differences that play part in this distinction and they fall in two groups. First, physical differences and age: Children who are acquiring their first language are still developing their speech organs. This explains the gradual and natural development of sound production accompanied with the brain development. L2 learners’ competence is also affected by age-related physical conditions that hinder their learning. The best way to apply it in the classroom is, first, to make differences between the languages, analyzing the grammatical rules of the languages, syntax, ect. Those are being essential for teacher to try to teach the second language in the class. The clear example could be the sentences analyzing, introduce vocabulary, verbs and the sentence structure. Finally, it is easy to teach different lanaguages, it is unique, each language their structure. 

References

In this link you can see the big differences between L1 and L2

• Comparing First and Second Language Acquisition by Vivian Cook   Homepage.ntlworld.com,. (2014). Comparing First and Second Language Acquisition by Vivian Cook. Retrieved 26 November 2014, from http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/SLA/L1%
• Irjabs.com,. (2014). Retrieved 26 November 2014, from http://www.irjabs.com/files_site/paperlist/r_1023_1

• Differences between First Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning | سومر | J09W

J09w.com,. (2011). Differences between First Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning | سومر | J09W. Retrieved 26 November 2014, from http://j09w.com/wp/?p=37

UNIT 11: THE ROLE OF ERROR

THE ROLE OF ERROR

 In this chapter I learned different kinds of errors that learners make when they speak or write a foreign language. Those errors are: slips, developmental errors, Interference or transfer errors and fossilized errors. Slips are made consciously because students’ attention is somewhere else at the moment. And the rest of  errors were made in different learner situations. Mistakes play an important role in the learning language process because it allows pupil experiment with the use the language correctly. According to Ali Akbar Khansir “Errors are an integral part of language learning.” That is right that mistakes are an inseparable part of the learning process where all of us can learn from those errors. In real situation it is difficult to face that problem with students because learners always make errors in every situation. To avoid students errors teacher have to give them more language exposure to feel confidence with the language and also practice the accuracy. For example, when students make a mistake, it is important to use some techniques to correct them. we can use handfinger, or re-estate the sentences putting more emphasis in the word that she o he made a mistake in order to let them to correct.Also, it is essential let students washback at the end of the lesson about errors that they made. As conclusion, errors can confused people understanding the language. Some people can misundertand the meaning of the sentences. Maybe students errors are of lack of vocabulary, verbs and the sentences production.

This video teach us some useful techniques that teacher can apply to correct errors.

References.

file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/pc/Mis%20documentos/Downloads/7332-16279-1-PB.pdf

UNIT 10: EXPOSURE AND FOCUS ON FORM

EXPOSURE AND FOCUS ON FORM

This chapter let me know how important the exposure is, 

“Research shows that an infant's brain comes pre-wired to learn language, and children begin to build their language skills from birth, using the sounds of the speech they are exposed to.  They can actually differentiate between different languages long before they can vocalize them themselves, and there seems to be no limit to the number of languages a young child can acquire”. Babies start to vocalize words so that is the way how the infants began to produce the language. It does not matter if they make a lot of errors. Parents are like scaffolding, they must guide them with their use of language. When children start to talk they can repeat words, so they can restore in their mind, later they can produce it. They need to listen amount of words from their relatives. From the early age they should develop their native language mostly perfect.  Also, for adults and young learners or people who want to learn foreign language is by exposure, it helps students play with the language. They can pick the language up from the environment; they can learn it like their first language (L1) mother tongue. There are different ways that students or children learn the language. First, interaction is a good tool to acquire the language. Second, they must have time to interact, discussion, debates, paraphrase and role plays are good activities for exposure. It also helps learners to focus on form of language. In conclusion, language has a variety of features for acquiring for infants and students of the higher level.

References

Musiclingua.com,. (2014). Why it is important that children learn languages at an early age. Retrieved 26 November 2014, from http://www.musiclingua.com/early-language-benefits.html